National and International Reports and Indices : Important for UPPSC, UPSC Prelims Examination

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UPPSC, UPSC has asked questions in Preliminary Examination on reports and indices released by important International and National Organisations.

1. Human Development Index 2019 (HDI) 

• Published by : United Nation Development Programme (UNDP).

• Three basic elements of Human Development to measure HDI -

I. Life Expectancy

II. Education & 

III. Per Capita Income

• India ranks 129th out of 189 countries (2019) & in 2018 - 130 ranks.

• Top 3 ranks - Norway, Switzerland and Ireland respectively.

• Best performer of among India's neighbors - Sri Lanka (71) and China (85).

2. Human Capital Index 2019 (HCI) :

• Released by : the World Bank as a part of the World Development Report 2019.

• This year theme "The Changing Nature of Work". 

• India is ranked at 115th out of 157 countries.

• Three basic dimensions of HCI are,

I. Survival - measured by under-5 mortality rates

II. Expected years of Quality-Adjusted School : measured by quantity and quality of education.

III. Health Environment - measured by Adult survival rate of stunting for children under 5.

• Top nations mostly from North America and Europe for HCI.

3. Global Hunger Index 2019 (GHI) :

• Published by : Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide 

• India ranks 102nd among the 117 countries.

• Four Indicators of GHI -

I. Undernourishment (which shows inadequate food availability)

II. Child Wasting (i.e. low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition)

III. Child Stunting (i.e. low height wrt age, reflecting chronic undernutrition)

IV. Child Mortality (The mortality rate of children under the age of 5).

• Among BRICS, India is ranked the worst, with China at 25.

• The world goal to achieve "Zero Hunger by 2030". It is one of the Sustainable Development Goal of the United Nations.

4. Global Gender Gap Index 2020 (GGGI) :

• Published by : World Economic Forum (WEF) 

• India has ranked 112th among 153 countries.

• Top  3 Nations : Iceland, Norway, and Finland respectively.

• Last Place - Yemen (153rd).

• India's neighbors - Bangladesh 50, Nepal 101, Sri Lanka 102, China 106, Pakistan 151 ranked.

• It is measures progress towards parity between men and women.

• It is based on

I. Economy

II. Education

III. Health

IV. Political representation

5. Gender Inequality Index :

• Published by : United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

• It uses three elements-

I. Reproductive Health

II. Empowerment

III. Labour Market Participation

6. Gender Parity Index :

• Published by : UNESCO

• It is designed to measure the relative access to education of males and females.

7. Gender Social Norms Index :

• Released by : United Nations Development Programme.

• It measures how social beliefs affect gender equality.

• According to the report, nearly 90% of men and women hold some form of bias against women.

8. A New era For Girls Report :

• Published by : UNICEF, Plan International and United Nations Women.

• The rate of drop-outs for girls in schools has decreased from 20% to 13.5% from 2008 to 2018 revealed by this report.

• It reveals quality and quantity report on girls education.

9. Social Institutions and Gender Index 2019  Global Report :

• Published by : the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

• It is measures gender discriminations such as female genital mutilation, reproductive rights, pay gaps, and gender violence.

• less than 33% women occupy senior civil service post.

10. Global Competitiveness Index 2019 :

• Published by : World Economic Forum (WEF)

• It is measures through 103 indicators organized into 12 pillars.

• India has moved down 10 places to rank 68th out of 141 nations. 

• Top 3 Nations : United States, Singapore and Germany respectively.

11. Ease of Doing Business Index 2019 :

• Released by : World Bank

• This Year theme "Doing Business 2018 : Reforming to Create Jobs".

• India ranks at 63rd among 190 countries (Improve 14 place from last year - 77th rank in 2018).

• Top 3 Countries : New Zealand, Singapore and Hong Kong respectively.

• The indicators are -

I. Ease of starting business

II. Getting Electricity

III. Dealing with Construction Permits

IV. Registering Property

V. Protecting investors

VI. Access to Credit

VII. Employing Workers

VIII. Trading across border

IX. Paying Taxes

X. Enforcing Contracts &

XI. Resolving Insolvency

12. Logistics Performance Index :

• Published by : World Bank

• India ranked 44th.

• Logistics costs in India are 13-15% of the product cost, while the global average is 6%.

13. World Employment Social Outlook Trends 2020 :

• Published by : United Nations International Labour Organisation (ILO).

• It analyses key labour market issues, including unemployment, labour underutilization, working poverty, income inequality, labour income share and factors that exclude people from decent work.

• According to report - global unemployment is projected to increase by around 2.5 million in 2020 and lack adequate access to paid work.

14. Service Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI) :

• Published by : Organisation for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD).

• It is based on their services trade policies.

• It has placed Indian service sector as Highly Restrictive in areas such as FDI.

• India have problems with current calculation method.

15. Business-to-Consumer E-commerce Index 2019 :

• Published by : the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).

• Countries ranks based on online commerce.

• India ranks at 73rd out of 152 countries.

• Top 3 Nations : Netherlands, Switzerland and Singapore respectively.

16. Global Innovation Index 2020 (GII) :

• Released by : Cornell University U.S, World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and INSEAD.

• India improve 5 places to 48th rank in Global Innovation Index 2020. (In 2019 - 52nd ranks).

17. International Intellectual Property Index 2020 :

• Published by : Global Innovation Policy Center (GIPC) of the US Chambers of Commerce.

• India has been ranked 40th out of 53 countries on 2020 (India score 36th position out of 50 countries in 2019).

18. Inclusive Development Index (IDI)  :

• Released by : World Economic Forum (WEF).

• It provide a more information of economic development than GDP growth alone.

• India has been ranked 62nd out of 74 emerging economies.

• India neighbours : Pakistan 47, Sri Lanka 40, and Nepal 22; are also better than India's ranks.

• Three major pillars are 

I. Growth and Development

II. Inclusion and Intergenerational Equity

III. Sustainability

19. Social Progress Index (SPI) :

• Released by : the Social Progress Imperative (a NGO of US).

• It is measures on countries provide for the social and environmental needs of their citizens.

• India ranks at 98th out of 133 countries.

20. City Momentum Index (CMI) :

• Released by : Jones Lang LaSalle, a real estate Services firm headquartered at Illinois, US.

• It identifies dynamic cities across the world.

• Dynamic cities are based technological change, absorb rapid population growth and strengthen global connectivity.

• Hyderabad has been secured 1st ranks among 130 cities across the globe.

• There are three more Indian cities under top ten cities of the City Momentum Index - Bengaluru 2nd, Chennai 5th and Delhi 6th.

21. Democracy Index 2019 : 

• Published by : the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), a UK based company.

• It intends to measure the 165 independent states and two territories.

• Countries classified in four categories -

I. Full Democracy

II. Flawed Democracy

III. Hybrid Regime

IV. Authoritarian Regime

• In 2019, India slipped 10 places to 51st position, it is "flawed democracy" category.

• It is based on Five elements -

I. Electoral Process and Pluralism

II. Civil Liberties

III. Functioning of Government

IV. Political Participation

V. Political Culture

22. Corruption Perception Index 2019 :

• Published by : Transparency International since 1995.

• India's ranks has slipped from 78th to 80 compared to the previous year.

• Top Countries : Denmark, New Zealand...

23. Press Freedom Index :

• Annually Published by : Reporters Without Borders (RWB).

• RWB is a NGO that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of press.

• India's ranks 140th out of 180 countries in 2019.

24. Global Terrorism Index :

• Released by : the Institute for Economics & Peace, a think tank based in Sydney, Australia.

• India is ranked 8th.

• India most impacted by terrorism.

25. Global Health Security Index 2019 :

• Project by  the Nuclear Threat Initiative and the Johns Hopkins University Center for Health Security (CHS), with research by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).

• India ranked 57th out of 195 countries.

• Top 3 Nations : USA, UK and Netherlands respectively.

• Global Health Security Index finds that no country is adequately prepared to fight against novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).

26. World Malaria Report 2019 :

• Released by : the World Health Organisation (WHO).

• Malaria is mostly caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax Parasites.

• It is transmitted to human through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

• It is mostly affected in the African, South East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific region by Plasmodium falciparum.

• India is most affected country in the South-East region.

27. Multidimensional Poverty Index 2019 (MPI) :

• Calculated by : Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

• MPI based on -

I. Poverty rate as a Percentage of the Population.

II. Intensity as the average share of deprivation that poor people experience.

28. World Air Quality Report 2019 :

• Released by : the Pollution tracker IQAir and Greenpeace.

• Ranking is based on a comparison of PM 2.5 levels.

• Ghaziabad was most polluted city in the world.

• Under top ten Polluted cities in the world - 6 cities from India (Ghaziabad -1, Delhi -5, Noida -6, Gurugram -7, Greater Noida -9 and Bandhwari -10).

29. World Water Development Report :

• Published by : UNESCO, on behalf of UN-Water and its production is coordinated by the UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme.

• It report on water and sanitation issues.

30. International Migrant Stock 2019 :

• Published by : the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA).

• Total International Migrants : 51,54,737 people.

• India : the leading country of origin for immigrants across the world (more than 17.5 million international migrants in 2019 coming from India.

• Of the international migrants in India in 2019, the country origin for 31 lakh or just over 60% was Bangladesh.

• 21% from Pakistan and 10% from Nepal.

• In 2019, regionally,

I. Europe host the largest number of international migrants (82 million), followed by

II. Northern America (59 million) and

III. Northern Africa and Western Asia (49 million).

• 1 out of 7 international migrants is under the age of 20 years.

31. World Happiness Report :

• Published by : United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UNSDSN).

• India ranks 144th out of 156 countries.

• Top 3 Nations : Finland, Denmark and Switzerland respectively.

32. Sustainable Development Goal India Index (SDG) :

• A single measurable Index to map the progress of States and UTs towards 2030 SDGs.

• Released by : NITI Aayog

• It is promote Competitive and Cooperative Federalism among the States and UTs.

• NITI Aayog selected 62 priority indicators.

• There are 13 SDGs.

• Classification Criteria based on SDG India Index Score (range between 0-100) is as follows -

I. Aspirant : 0-49

II. Performer : 50-64

III. Front Runner : 65-99

IV. Achiever : 100

33. Composite Water Management Index :

• Released by : the Ministry of Water Resources.

• Developed by NITI Aayog.

• It analyse 9 broad sectors with 28 different indicators, which covers several aspects such as groundwater, restoration of water bodies, irrigation, farm practices, drinking water, policy and governance.

• Top performers : Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh.

• Bottom States : Meghalaya, Uttarakhand and Nagaland.

34. National Air Quality Index (AQI) :

•  Published by : Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) - every month.

• It is an index for reporting daily air quality.

• It is represented as "One Number- One Colour - One Description" for the common man to judge the air quality within his vicinity.

• The AQI will selected eight pollutants -

PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, Ozone, Ammonia and Lead).

35. India Internet 2019 :

• Released by : Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI).

• According to report, Internet penetration rate is highest in Delhi NCR (69%) followed by Kerala (54%).

• Lowest Internet penetration - in Odisha (25), Jharkhand (26) and Bihar (28).

• Highest proportion of Female Internet users - in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Delhi.

• In terms of Internet subscription : lowest subscription from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

36. State Rooftop Solar Attractiveness Index (SARAL) :

• Launched by : Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

• SARAL has been collectively designed by,

I. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)

II. Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation (SSEF)

III. Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) and

IV. Ernst and Young (EY)

• Five Key elements :

a. Robustness of Policy Framework

b. Implementation Environment

c. Investment Climate

d. Consumer Experience

e. Business Ecosystem

37. Municipal Performance Index 2019 :

• Launched by : the Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs.

• Aim : to assess the performance of municipalities based on Five enablers (Service, Finance, Planning, Technology and Governance).

• It is useful for better planning and management, filling the gap in city administration, and improving the liveability of cities for its citizens.

38. Ease of Living Index (EoLI) :

• Launched by : the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.

• It is aimed at providing a holistic view on Indian cities.

• It is based on 

I. The service provided by local bodies,

II. Catalyse Action to achieve border development outcome including the SDG.

III. The outcomes generated through these services in terms of the liveability within cities.

IV. The Citizen perception of these outcomes.

• Four Key Objectives :

a. Generate information to guide evidence-based policy making

b. Catalyse action to achieve broader developmental outcomes including the SDG

c. Assess and compare the outcomes achieved from various urban policies and schemes.

d. Obtain the perception of citizens about their view of the services provided by the city administration.

• Three Pillars of ease of living :

a. Quality of Life

b. Economic Ability

c. Sustainability

39. India Justice Report 2019 :

• Released by : Tata Trust

• Four Pillars of Justice delivery -

I. Police

II. Judiciary

III. Prisons

IV. Legal Aid

• It covered the themes like infrastructure, human resources, diversity (gender, SC/ST/OBC), budgets, workload and trends over the last 5 years.

• According to report : The country has about 18,200 judges with about 23% sanctioned posts vacant.

• Top States in delivering justice : Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab and Haryana.

40. India Child  Well-being Report :

• Prepared by : World Vision India (Humanitarian Organisation) and IFMR LEAD (Research Organisation) based in India.

• Child Happiest State : Kerala

• Child Least Happiest State : Madhya Pradesh.

41. Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) :

• Released by : a NGO Pratham

• Survey conducted in 26 districts across 24 states. 

• It also report a gende gap in schooling.

• More enrollment in private schools than public school in pre-school system.

• Need to focus on early years in basic education.

• The gap in enrollment between boys and girls is larger among 6-8 year olds, with 61.1% of all girls versus 52.1% of all boys in this age group going to a government institutions.

42. School Education Quality Index :

• Jointly Released by : NITI Aayog, the Ministry of Human Resources Development, and the World Bank.

• It provide the performance of States and UTs in the school education sector.

• Top State : Kerala

• Last State : Uttar Pradesh

43. Education Development Index :

• Developed by : Joint effort of Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and the National University of Educational Planning and Administration (NUEPA).

• It provide the achievements of the various states of India in the Education Sector.

44. India Innovation Index :

• Developed by : Joint efforts of NITI Aayog, Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (DIPP) and Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).

• It also consults World Economic Forum, the Intellectual Property Organisation, Cornell University, OECD, UNIDO, ILO, UNESCO, ITU and others.

45. QS Indian University Rankings :

• Released by : QS, the global higher education think tank.

• Rankings include : Public Universities, Private Universities and Deemed Universities.

• Top 3 Universities : IIT Bombay, IISc Bangalore, and IIT Delhi respectively.

• 8 indicators were used to determine rankings-

i. Academic reputation

ii. Employer reputation

iii. Faculty-student ratio

iv. The proportion of staff with a PhD

v. Papers per faculty Scopus database

vi. Citations per paper from Scopus database

vii. The proportion of international students and

viii. The proportion of international faculty (2.5%)

References

World Bank

UN

WEF

GoI...