Table of Contents Ramsar
Convention on Wetland Why in
News? About
Ramsar Convention on Wetland Ramsar
Sites in India What is
the Montreux Record? List of
Wetlands in India under Ramsar Sites (State-wise) Interesting
facts about Ramsar Convention |
RAMSAR
CONVENTION ON WETLAND
Why
in News?
In August 2022, India added 11 New wetlands in to the list of Ramsar Sites. Which is included from states: Tamil Nadu – 4, Odisha – 3, Jammu & Kashmir – 2, and one each from Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
Recently, the 14th Meeting of the Conference
of the Contracting Parties (COP14) to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
began to discuss the state of wetlands globally. It was co-hosted of Wuhan
(China) and Geneva (Switzerland).
ABOUT RAMSAR
CONVENTION ON WETLAND:
What is
RAMSAR CONVENTION ON WETLAND?
It is also known as the ‘Convention on Wetlands’. Ramsar
Convention is an intergovernmental treaty. Which is established by UNESCO in
1971.
For national action and international cooperation for the
conservation and wise use of wetlands.
Why is
it known as Ramsar Convention?
Adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 2nd
February 1971.
And came into force in 1975.
When
Celebrate World’s Wetland Day?
Every year on 2nd February.
What is
Wetland?
Wetlands are ecosystems saturated with water, either
seasonally or permanently. Which supports aquatic as well as terrestrial
species. e.g., mangroves, marshes, rivers, lakes, deltas, floodplains and
flooded forests, rice-fields, coral reefs etc.
The wetland covers approx. 6% of the Earth’s land surface,
40% of all plant and animal species live or breed in wetlands.
Ramsar
Sites in India:
- Total Ramsar sites in India at present 75.
- State having the most number of Ramsar sites: Tamil Nadu (14) and UP (10).
- Largest wetland under the Ramsar convention: Sundarbans, West Bengal (423,000 hectares).
- Smallest wetland in India under Ramsar site in India: Renuka Wetland, Himachal Pradesh (20 hectares).
- First Wetland under Ramsar convention (in India): Chilka Lake (Odisha) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) in 1981.
- India is one of the contracting parties to Ramsar Convention, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971.
- The convention in forced in India on 1st February, 1982.
- Goa and Karnataka got there first Ramsar Sites, this year (in 2022).
- Gujarat is at the top with 34,749.5 sq. km followed by Andhra Pradesh (14,471.33 sq. km), Uttar Pradesh (12,425.3 sq. km) and West Bengal (11,079.07 sq. km).
Note:
Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan and Loktak Lake,
Manipur have been included in Montreux Record in 1990 and in 1993
respectively.
What is
the Montreux Record?
The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the
List of Wetlands of International Importance where changes in ecological
character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result
of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. It
is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.
List of
Wetlands in India under Ramsar Sites (State-wise)
Jammu and
Kashmir
1)
Hokera Wetland
2)
Surinsar- Mansar lakes
3)
Wular lake
4)
Tsomoriri Lake
5)
Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve
6)
Shallbugh Wetland Conservation Reserve
Punjab
1)
Beas Conservation Reserve
2)
Harike Wetlands
3)
Kanjli Wetland
4)
Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve
5)
Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary
6)
Ropar Wetland
Himachal
Pradesh
1)
Chandra Taal
2)
Pong Dam Lake
3)
Renuka lake
Uttarakhand
1)
Asan Barrage
Rajasthan
1)
Keoladeo National Park
2)
Sambhar Lake
Uttar
Pradesh
1)
Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
2)
Parvati Agra Bird Sanctuary
3)
Saman Bird Sanctuary
4)
Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
5)
Sandi Bird Sanctuary
6)
Sarsai Nawar Jheel
7)
Sur Sarovar
8)
Upper-Ganga River (Brijghat to Narora Stretch)
9)
Haiderpur Wetland
10)
Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary
Bihar
1)
Kanwar Lake or Kabal Taal
West
Bengal
1)
East Kolkata Wetlands
2)
Sunderban Wetland
Odisha
1)
Chilika Lake
2)
Bhitarkanika Mangroves
3)
Satkosia Gorge
4)
Tampara Lake
5)
Hirakud Reservoir
6)
Ansupa Lake
7)
Yashwant Sagar
Madhya
Pradesh
1)
Bhoj Wetlands
2)
Sirpur wetland
3)
Sakhya Sagar
4)
Yashwant Sagar
Gujarat
1)
Nalsarovar Bird sanctuary
2)
Thol Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
3)
Wadhvana Wetland
4)
Khijadia Wildlife Sanctuary
Maharashtra
1)
Nandur Madhameshwar
2)
Lonar Lake
3)
Thane Creek
Andhra
Pradesh
1)
Kolleru lake
Tamil
Nadu
1)
Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
2)
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary
3)
Karikili Bird Sanctuary
4)
Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest
5)
Pichavaram Mangrove
6)
Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
7)
Vembannur Wetland Complex
8)
Vellode Bird Sanctuary
9)
Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
10)
Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary
11)
Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary
12)
Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex
13)
Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary
14)
Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary
Kerala
1)
Vembanad Kol Wetland
2)
Sasthamkotta lake
3)
Ashtamudi Wetland
Assam
1)
Deepor Beel
Tripura
1)
Rudrasagar Lake
Manipur
1)
Loktak lake
Haryana
1)
Sultanpur National Park
2)
Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
Karnataka
1)
Ranganathituu BS
Goa
1)
Nanda Lake
Mizoram
1)
Pala wetland
Interesting
facts about Ramsar Convention:
- The total number of contracting parties is 172.
- The countries with the most Ramsar Sites are the United Kingdom with 175 and Mexico with 142.
- With 148,000 square kilometres, Bolivia is the country with the most land declared for protection under the Ramsar Convention.
- Canada, Chad, Congo, and the Russian Federation have also designated over 100,000 square kilometres.
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