Why in News ?
On March 2020, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Health Professionals, to fight against COVID-19 Pandemic were not manufactured in India and were imported.
Today's, By the Ministry of Textiles initiatives -
The development of a new industry for N-95 Mask and India becoming second largest PPE manufacturer in the world.
Agro-based Textile Industries in India :
Agro-based Textile Industries are value-added to the agricultural products. It is highly potential based industries in India. Development of Textile Industries depends on the agricultural production.
Types of Textile Industries :
1. Handloom Industry
2. Handicraft Industry
3. Silk Industry
4. Jute Industry
6. Woollen Industry
7. Synthetic Fibres
Indian textile sector is the sixth largest exporter of Textiles and Apparels in the world. Its contribute in mercantile export is 12% and is the second largest employment generator after Agriculture.
Criteria for Textile Industries in India :
• Raw Materials : Locally Available
• Labour : Cheap labour (Mostly unskilled workers and Semi-skilled labour required)
• Factory: Near the raw Materials (Rural Industry)
• Power : lower power required
• Mechanisation : Lower and Higher technological use.
1. Handloom Industry :
Recently, a social media campaign #Vocal 4 handmade was launched on the 6th National Handloom Day, 7th August 2020, by the Government, in partnership with all stakeholders, to promote Indian handlooms.
PM Modi in 2015 declared 7th August as National Handlooms Day to bring weavers into the mainstream of India's development.
The Handloom Textile constitute a timeless facet of the rich cultural heritage of India. As an economic activity, the handloom sector occupies a place next only to agriculture in providing livelihood to the people. The element of art and craft present in Indian handlooms makes it a potential sector for the upper segments of the market, both domestic as well as global.
Ministry of Textiles has undertaken to develop Craft villages in select Handloom and Handicraft pockets of the country on important tourist circuits (Linking textiles with tourism).
2. Handicraft Industry :
The Handicraft sector plays a significant and important role in the country's economy. It generate more than 7 millions employment to crafts person in rural and semi-urban areas and provide substantial foreign exchange for the country, while preserving its cultural heritage. Handicraft is spread all over the country in rural and urban areas. Demographically, female artisan are more than male in this sector. It is also a women empowering sector. The Handicraft not only depend on the tradition craft activity, but it is huge potential for new crafting activities in world market. India's Handicraft competitors are China, Korea, Thailand, etc.
3. Silk Industry :
India mainly produce silk in South India - Mulberry and in North India - Eri. Silk Industry is a labour intensive and distributed all over India. It will reduce regional diversity in India.
Recent Developments of Silk Industry :
• Under the Integrated Scheme for Development of the Silk Industry i.e. "SilkSamagra".
• Atmanirbhar Bharat package provides locally manufacturered Automatic Reeling Machine (ARM).
• Promoting Silk Mark products on E-commerce platforms.
4. Cotton Industry :
Recently, Brand name and logo for Indian cotton was launched on 7th October 2020 on the occasion of World Cotton Day as "KASTURI COTTON INDIA" to attain the objective of making India AtmaNirbhar and Vocal for Local in the field of cotton.
Cotton textile is traditional Industry of India. It is an agro-based industry & weight neutral industry.
Growing cotton in India has focused on textiles industry for over thousands of years, generating significant employment for both skilled and unskilled labours - thus helping strengthen the country's economy.
The cotton sector in India is considered the one of the most developed sector in the textile industry. At 18% of the Global total, India is the world largest producer of cotton. India cover largest area for cotton cultivation in the world, representing about 25% of the world's area under cultivation. Cotton producing States in India are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.
5. Jute Industry :
Jute Industry plays a significant and important role in Indian economy, especially of the Eastern India. India is a second largest producer of jute in the world. About 4 million families are dependent on cultivation of jute and mesta and about 2 lakh worker get direct employment in the Jute industry. It use as curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, etc.
6. Woollen Industry :
In India Woollen textiles and clothing industry is relatively small compared to the
cotton and man made fibre based textiles and clothing industry. However, the woollen sector plays an important role in linking the rural economy with the manufacturing
industry, represented by small, medium and large scale units. The product portfolio is
equally divergent from textile intermediaries to finished textiles, garments, knitwears, blankets, carpets and an incipient presence in technical textiles. Wool industry is a rural based export oriented industry and caters to civil and defence requirements for warmer clothing.
India has the 3rd largest sheep population country in the world having 65.07
million sheep producing 43.50 million kg of raw wool in 2017-18. Out of this about 85%
is carpet grade wool, 5% apparel grade and remaining 10% coarse grade wool for
making rough Kambals etc. Average annual yield per sheep in India is 0.9 Kg. against
the world average of 2.4 Kg. A small quantity of specialty fibre is obtained from
Pashmina goats and Angora rabbits. The domestic produce of wool is not adequate,
therefore, the industry is dependent on imported raw material and wool is the only
natural fibre in which the country is deficient.
7. Synthetic Fibre :
The major man-made fibres are polyester, acrylics and polypropylene. Under this, polyester accounts about 77.5%. Synthetic fibre is primarily used to produce 100% non-cotton fibric, which are in turn used in readymade garments, home textiles and other industrial textiles. Due to changing consumer trends on the basis of fitness, hygiene, brand caunsiousness, fashions, will further boost the demand of man-made fibres
List of Indian Agro-based Textile Industries and their Location :
| Industries | Location |
|---|---|
| 1. Handloom | All over India |
| 2. Handicraft | All over India |
| 3. Jute | Eastern India |
| 4. Cotton | South & West India |
| 5. Silk | All over India |
| 6. Woollen | Northern India |
| 7. Synthetic Fibre | All over India |
Also Read : Word Industries Localisations
References
GoI
PIB
Yojana
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